Coffee, one of our favourite drinks, is not an exception to the growing effects of climate change just like many other facets of our lives. Global coffee production is seriously threatened by climate change, as rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, and an increase in pest infestations affect yield and quality. India, the seventh-largest producer of coffee worldwide, is directly affected by these issues.
Effects Of Rising Temperatures On Coffee Production
Arabica and Robusta are the two main types of coffee grown in India. Robusta is more heat-tolerant but still susceptible to weather extremes, whilst Arabica grows best in temperate climes. Robusta and Arabica prefer temperatures between 22 and 28 degrees Celsius and 18 to 22 degrees Celsius, respectively. Yield and quality may suffer if these ranges are not followed.
Rising temperatures have caused more leaf loss, lower plant yield, and increased susceptibility to pests in areas like Chikmagalur and Coorg, which are famous for their coffee plantations. While heavy rainfall at erratic times causes the cherry to burst and drop early, extreme cold delays flowering and reduces berry quality. Crop spoiling results from persistent, heavy rains before harvest, which hinder drying.
Social & Economic Consequences
There are serious economic consequences to the reduction in coffee production. Despite record-high bean prices, it is anticipated that India’s coffee exports will fall by more than 10% as a result of decreased production and smaller stockpiles. Millions of smallholder farmers who rely on growing coffee are impacted by this decline.
The effect is also being felt by consumers. Due to droughts in major producing countries, the price of Arabica and Robusta coffee beans has skyrocketed, which has raised the cost of coffee products worldwide.
However, there is hope to protect coffee’s future through technology advancements, flexible agricultural methods, and a shared dedication to sustainability. Supporting environmentally conscious coffee brands and being aware of their effects as consumers can help this worldwide endeavour.
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