While West Bengal is renowned for its exquisite terracotta temples, a lesser-known architectural treasure lies scattered across the state – terracotta mosques. Predating the temples by centuries, these mosques stand as testaments to a unique blend of Islamic architecture and local artistic traditions.
The Legacy Of Terracotta
The Chamkati Mosque of Gaur, is one of the oldest structures built by Sultan Yusuf Shah in 1498.
Its notable for its terracotta decorations pic.twitter.com/iKzhWmWX8N— Hazrat-e-Dilli (@DilliKiRanaiyan) November 25, 2019
The use of terracotta, fired clay adorned with intricate designs, flourished in Bengal from the 14th to 16th centuries. This period saw the construction of several mosques that incorporated these exquisite decorations. Unlike their grander counterparts in North India built with stone, the mosques of Bengal embraced the readily available and versatile terracotta.
One of the most captivating examples is the Lotton Mosque, built in 1475 CE. Located in Bardhaman district, it boasts the finest surviving collection of glazed terracotta work and pierced mosaic decorations in West Bengal. The intricate floral patterns and geometric designs on the mosque walls showcase the exceptional craftsmanship of the era. Similar embellishments, can be found in the Chika Mosque and Chamkati Mosque, both adding to the rich tapestry of terracotta mosques.
Also Read: 6 Oldest Mosques In India
Blend Of Faith And Art
The Chamkati mosque in Gaur, West Bengal is among the early ones built in the typical Bengal style. It was built towards the close of the 15th century, or, if the inscription appearing thereon is in situ, in 1575. pic.twitter.com/UaJry1jFd6
— Rana Safvi رعنا राना (@iamrana) February 9, 2022
Venture further north to explore the ruins of grand capitals like Gaur and Pandua, which offer a glimpse into a bygone era. The colossal Adina Mosque, built by Sultan Sikandar Shah in the 14th century, was once the largest mosque in the Indian subcontinent. Though time has taken its toll, the 28 terracotta-studded tympanums on the remaining walls is a testament to its former grandeur. The mosque’s base might have been an earlier Hindu temple, hinting at the cultural exchange and adaptation that shaped Bengal’s architectural heritage.
Sadly, many of these terracotta mosques are in a state of disrepair. The ravages of time, neglect, and natural elements pose a constant threat to their survival. However, efforts by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) are underway to preserve these historic structures.
The terracotta mosques of West Bengal offer a fascinating glimpse into the confluence of Islamic faith and local artistic traditions. With their exquisite ornamentation and rich history, these hidden gems deserve recognition and preservation. So, the next time you explore West Bengal, delve beyond the usual sights and seek out these architectural marvels. You might just discover a secret chapter in the state’s cultural tapestry.
Cover Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons
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